various Linux reminders

( under construction )

See temperatures and fan speed etc
Simple performance benchmark
backup to Backblaze B2 using rclone
Another Topic 3

Reminders on how to do various things in Linux which I always have difficulty remembering. Many are for Debian Linux, since I mainly use Debian-based systems: Raspberry Pi , Ubuntu, Zorin OS and small ARM/embedded systems such as Seagate Dockstar.

Temperatures and fan speed

Use the lm-sensors package to show these on a PC:

# apt install lm-sensors
# sensors-detect

Then use the sensors command to view temperatures etc

Simple performance benchmark

Simple CPU performance comparison using 7zip :

# apt install p7zip

To run a benchmark , use 7z ‘b’ option (benchmark); and add -mmt1 option to force it to use a single cpu/thread.

Seagate Dockstar ( Kirkwood armv5tel ) showed :

# 7z b -mmt1   
......                 Compressing  |                  Decompressing
Dict     Speed Usage    R/U Rating  |      Speed Usage    R/U Rating
         KiB/s     %   MIPS   MIPS  |      KiB/s     %   MIPS   MIPS
Avr:              98    348    339  |              100    661    659
Tot:              99    505    499

Rasp Pi 3B+ showed :

root@raspi:~# 7z b -mmt1
.....                  Compressing  |                  Decompressing
Dict     Speed Usage    R/U Rating  |      Speed Usage    R/U Rating
         KiB/s     %   MIPS   MIPS  |      KiB/s     %   MIPS   MIPS
Avr:             100    850    850  |              100   1559   1559
Tot:             100   1205   1205

eeePC 901 (Intel Atom) shows :

Avr:            100     698     696             100     943     940
Tot:            100     820     818

backup to Backblaze B2 using rclone

log into B2 and create a storage Bucket, and then create an Application Key which only has access to the bucket you created. Take note of the Application Key and Key ID, which you will use later.

install rclone on your Linux box: # apt install rclone

set up rclone: # rclone config

choose to create a new ‘remote’, call it e.g b2remote1
choose B2 storage type, enter App Key/Key ID etc

To check it’s working, list all buckets in remote: you should see the name of the storage bucket you created in Step 1 ( linuxbackup-RS1 ) :

# rclone lsd b2remote1:
         -1 2021-06-16 12:49:06        -1 linuxbackup-RS1

Now run a dry-run backup : the following will backup everything under /opt/data, but excluding two sub-folders (Downloads & e-Bay ):

# rclone sync --dry-run /opt/data --exclude "{Downloads,e-Bay}/**"  b2remote1:linuxbackup-RS1

2021/06/16 13:23:31 NOTICE: Piccs/JR-aug2016.jpg: Not copying as --dry-run
2021/06/16 13:23:31 NOTICE: Piccs/Norton-completed.png: Not copying as --dry-run
...
..

Once you’re happy it’s working as expected, run the same command without the –dry-run option.

some useful rclone commands :

list all the buckets in your ‘remote’:

 # rclone lsd b2remote1:
          -1 2022-11-08 21:07:32        -1 linuxbackup-RS1
          -1 2022-11-08 21:07:32        -1 rclone-dockstar

list all the folders in a bucket:

 # rclone lsd b2remote1:rclone-dockstar
          -1 2022-11-08 21:07:47        -1 Doccs
          -1 2022-11-08 21:07:47        -1 Musicc
          -1 2022-11-08 21:07:47        -1 Piccs
          -1 2022-11-08 21:07:47        -1 box
          -1 2022-11-08 21:07:47        -1 httpd

list directories only (lsd) OR list files (lsf) :

 # rclone lsd b2remote1:rclone-dockstar/box
          -1 2022-11-08 21:08:39        -1 backups
 # rclone lsf b2remote1:rclone-dockstar/box
._rs2022b.kdbx
backups/
rs2022b.kdbx

How to restore files from Backblaze B2 :

How to restore just one file: (N.B. a subdirectory will be created with the name you specify)

# rclone copy b2remote1:rclone-dockstar/box/rs2022b.kdbx testirobi
# ls -al testirobi/
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov  8 21:12 .
drwx------ 6 root root 4096 Nov  8 21:12 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6853 Nov  6 15:21 rs2022b.kdbx
#

OR if you want to restore a whole folder:

# rclone copy b2remote1:rclone-dockstar/box testirobi
# ls -la testirobi/
total 24
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov  8 21:24 .
drwx------ 6 root root 4096 Nov  8 21:24 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Nov  2 14:32 ._rs2022b.kdbx
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov  8 21:24 backups
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6853 Nov  6 15:21 rs2022b.kdbx

SECTION TWO

In many ways it is certainly not inaccurate to say that there is a certain degree of uncertainty in the manner in which the things that have brought us here may be expected to transpire in a more effective contingency. This is bold text, and this is emphasized(italic) text.

The main topics we intend to cover will be

Windows tips
Mac tips
Linux tips

If you have more than about 18GB used in

SECTION THREE